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Algebra

Matrices chapter 1  










Matrix :A set of m×n number arranged in the form of ordered set of m rows,  each row consisting of n numbers and enclosed in the bracket [] is called m×n type of matrix. 








for eg.  a11   a12.. .. . .. .. .a1n    
               a21   a22.  ... .. .. ..a2n            
                ..... .. ... ..  .. .. . .. ... ...             
              am1   am2 .. .  .. amn        m×n



Rectangular Matrix:  m×n matrix is said to be rectangular matrix if m not equal to n. 


for eg.  1   2            
               2   3            
               0   8                                         
                      3×2


Square matrix :  m×n matrix is said to be square matrix if m  equal to n. 


for eg.  1   2           
               2  0      2×2


 Row matrix:  m×n matrix is said to be row matrix if it has only 1 row and any no.  of columns. 


for eg. 1     2      2         
                                 1×3


column matrix: m×n matrix is said to be column matrix if it has only 1 column and any no.  of rows. 


for eg.  1             
              2               
              3                             
                3×3


  Diagonal matrix :m×n matrix is said to be diagonal matrix if all its non diagonal elements are zero. 
 (Note )

1. diagonal entries may or may not be zero. 

    for eg.      1    0    0            
                      0    2    0                    
                      0    0    0        3×3


   Scaler matrix :m×n matrix is said to be scaler matrix if all its diagonal elements are equal. 

for eg.    Diagonal. [3 3 3]                                                                                                                                                                                    
   unit matrix or identity matrix : m×n matrix is said to be unit matrix if all its diagonal elements are equal to unity. 
for eg.   Diagonal [1   1    1]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
Note  please attach [ ]  brackets around the matrices  .                                                                                                                 
  see next page for more

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Algebra Matrix review

Triangular matrix :  A matrix is said to be a triangular matrix if, either 1.every element above principal diagonal is zero. 2.1.every element below principal diagonal is zero.  upper triangular matrix : A matrix is said to be upper triangular if, every element below principal diagonal is zero.  Lower triangular matrix : matrix is said to be a triangular matrix if,  every element above principal diagonal is zero. Note ( both of eg. listed above) transpose of matrix : if A is a matrix of type m×n obtained by interchanging it's rows and column is called tranpose of A and is denoted by A' or A^T.